Novels:

Casing the Promised Land (1980)

The Alienist (1994)

The Angel of Darkness (1997)

Killing Time (2000)

The Italian Secretary (2005)

Many of his novels are set in the Gilded Age or Victorian times; The Italian Secretary was an authorized Sherlock Holmes mystery.

Non-fiction:

America Invulnerable: The Quest for Absolute Security from 1812 to Star Wars by James Chace and Caleb Carr (1989)

The Devil Soldier, a biography of 19th-century American mercenary Frederick Townsend Ward (1992)

No End Save Victory : Perspectives on World War II by Stephen E., Caleb Carr, John Keegan, William Manchester, and others. Ed Ambrose (2001)
The Lessons of Terror (2002)

What Ifs? of American History: Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been by Antony Beevor, Caleb Carr, Robert Dallek, and John Lukacs (2003)

The Cold War: A Military History by Stephen E. Ambrose, Caleb Carr, Thomas Fleming, and Victor Hanson (2006)